Cystic fibrosis

What is it?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that affects the lungs and digestive system. People with cystic fibrosis have a faulty gene. We get genes from our parents which make up the part of our bodies that gives instructions to make proteins. These proteins take these instructions and carry out certain tasks. This faulty gene gives bad instructions that causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus.

This mucus can clog up the airways in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. It can also block the ducts in the pancreas, making it harder for the pancreas to release digestive enzymes. Cystic fibrosis is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing medical care.

Diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis

Diagnosing cystic fibrosis involves a series of tests. The most common test is a sweat test, which measures the amount of salt in a person's sweat. People with cystic fibrosis have higher levels of salt in their sweat. Genetic testing can also be done to look for specific mutations in the CFTR gene, which is responsible for cystic fibrosis. Doctors may also use lung function tests, chest X-rays, and blood tests to help diagnose the condition.

Treating Cystic Fibrosis

While there is no cure for cystic fibrosis, there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments may include medications to thin the mucus and make it easier to cough up, antibiotics to treat lung infections, and enzyme supplements to aid digestion. Physical therapy and exercise can also help clear mucus from the lungs. It is important for people with cystic fibrosis to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan.

Preventing Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition, so it cannot be prevented. However, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of complications and manage the condition effectively. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor lung function and overall health. It is also important to follow a healthy diet, get regular exercise, and avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. Taking prescribed medications as directed and staying up to date with vaccinations can also help prevent complications.