Emphysema

What is Emphysema?

Emphysema is a lung condition that makes it hard to breathe. It happens when the tiny air sacs in your lungs, called alveoli, get damaged. When you have emphysema, these air sacs become stretched and lose their elasticity. This makes it difficult for your lungs to get enough oxygen and for you to breathe properly. Emphysema is usually caused by smoking, but it can also be caused by long-term exposure to air pollution or certain chemicals.

Diagnosing Emphysema

If you have symptoms like shortness of breath, wheezing, or a chronic cough, your doctor may suspect that you have emphysema. To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may perform a lung function test called spirometry. This test measures how much air you can breathe in and out, and how fast you can exhale. Your doctor may also order a chest X-ray or a CT scan to get a better look at your lungs and rule out other conditions.

Treating Emphysema

While there is no cure for emphysema, there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. The most important step is to quit smoking if you are a smoker. Your doctor may also prescribe medications to help open up your airways and reduce inflammation. In severe cases, oxygen therapy may be necessary to help you breathe better. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs can also be beneficial, as they provide education and exercises to improve lung function.

Preventing Emphysema

The best way to prevent emphysema is to avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. If you are a smoker, quitting is the most important step you can take to protect your lungs. It's also important to avoid long-term exposure to air pollution and harmful chemicals. If you work in an environment with these risks, make sure to use protective equipment and follow safety guidelines. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can also help keep your lungs strong and reduce the risk of developing emphysema.