Acanthosis nigricans

What's the scoop?

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition that causes dark, thick patches to appear on certain areas of the body. These patches usually develop in the folds and creases of the skin, such as the neck, armpits, groin, and sometimes, the hands and feet. Within the patches, some people may also develop small skin tags.

This skin may feel velvety or rough to the touch. Acanthosis nigricans can occur in both children and adults, and it is often a sign of an underlying health issue.

I'm worried I have it...

If you notice dark, thick patches on your skin, it is important to see a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. The doctor will examine your skin and ask about your medical history.

In some cases, additional tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the condition. These tests may include blood tests, imaging tests, or a skin biopsy, where a small sample of the affected skin is taken for further tests.

Causes

There are many different underlying causes that can cause acanthosis nigricans. These include:

• obesity - the most common cause of acanthosis nigricans
• insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes - When your body is resistant to insulin, it often causes type 2 diabetes.
• PCOS - also known as polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Cushing syndrome
• underactive thyroid - also known as hypothyroidism
• taking steroids or hormone pills - hormone pills include the birth control pill (contraceptive pill)
• genetics - While it is rare, some people can inherit a gene that can cause it
• cancer - While it is less likley, colon cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and lymphomas can all be underlying causes of the condition.

Treatment options

Treating acanthosis nigricans involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition as described above. Most commonly, the dark patches could have an underlying cause from obesity or a resistance to insulin, a hormone that controls your blood sugar and turns food into energy. If either of these are the case, lifestyle changes such as losing weight, eating a healthy, balanced diet, and exercising regularly may help improve the condition.

In some cases, medications or creams may be prescribed to lighten the affected skin. It is important to follow the treatment plan recommended by your healthcare provider and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor your progress.

How can I avoid acanthosis nigricans?

While it may not always be possible to prevent acanthosis nigricans, there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help prevent or manage the condition.

It is also important to manage any underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or hormonal disorders, as these can contribute to the development of acanthosis nigricans. If you notice any changes in your skin, it is important to seek medical advice promptly to receive appropriate treatment and prevent further complications.