Kidney stones

What are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They are made up of minerals and salts that stick together and can cause pain and discomfort. Kidney stones can vary in size and shape, and they can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. When kidney stones form, they can block the flow of urine and cause problems in the urinary system.

Diagnosing Kidney Stones

If you experience severe pain in your back or side, blood in your urine, or frequent urination, you may have kidney stones. To diagnose kidney stones, your doctor may perform a physical examination and ask about your symptoms. They may also order tests such as a urine test, blood test, or imaging tests like an ultrasound or CT scan. These tests can help determine the size and location of the kidney stones.

Treating Kidney Stones

Treatment for kidney stones depends on their size and location. In some cases, small kidney stones can pass on their own through urine. Your doctor may recommend drinking plenty of water and taking pain medication to help with the discomfort. If the kidney stones are larger or causing severe pain, your doctor may suggest other treatments such as shock wave lithotripsy, where sound waves are used to break up the stones, or surgery to remove them.

Preventing Kidney Stones

To prevent kidney stones from forming, it's important to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Staying hydrated helps dilute the minerals and salts in the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Eating a balanced diet that is low in salt and animal protein can also help prevent kidney stones. Avoiding excessive consumption of soda and sugary drinks is recommended. If you have a history of kidney stones, your doctor may suggest dietary changes or medications to help prevent their recurrence.